La motivation

Texte en anglais, Ontogenèse psychologie :

Studnicki Killyan, Bidal Anaelle, Sauzeau Amélie, Feray Elsa et Sarri Alice

Motivation is a psychological mechanism that guides behavior, and more specifically, the reasons
underlying actions. According to Ryan and Deci's (2008) self-determination theory, motivation is
divided into two main types:
Intrinsic motivation: Performing an activity for the pleasure or satisfaction it provides.
Extrinsic motivation: Performing an activity for external outcomes, which includes four types:

Integrated regulation: The activity is aligned with personal values and needs.
Identified regulation: The activity is valued for its benefits.
Introjected regulation: The activity is motivated by internal pressure, such as guilt.
External regulation: The activity is performed to obtain a reward or avoid punishment.

Amotivation is the lack of a perceived connection between actions and outcomes, resulting in a lack
of motivation. Motivation is considered autonomous when the individual acts by choice (intrinsic,
integrated, or identified motivation) and controlled when influenced by internal or external pressure
(introjected and external regulation). All types of motivation exist on a continuum, from
amotivation to complete autonomy.

Article 1 (Maillot, Becquard, Perrot, 2018, Gerontology and Society, vol. 40):
This study examined the motivations of 188 physically active older adults (aged 60 to 90) using
three questionnaires: MAQ (activity level), BREQ (motivation type), and EMI-2 (participation
motives).
For the results, the most active participants demonstrated strong autonomous motivation related to
pleasure and health. In younger adults, motivation stems from affiliation, pleasure, and health. In
older adults, only pleasure reinforces motivation, while social recognition negatively impacts it.

Article 2 (Stephan, Boiché, Le Scanff, 2010, Psychology of Women):
This study examined women aged 55 and over participating in exercise programs. examine the
motivational determinants of physical activity discontinuation and participation among older
women, drawing on Self-Determination Theory. Three motivation profiles emerged among active
women:
High Combined (13%)
High Introjection (48%)
Moderate Introjection (39%)
Women who dropped out showed lower intrinsic, identified, and introjected motivation, and higher
amotivation.